Which statement correctly lists the Rule 23 class action prerequisites?

Which statement correctly lists the Rule 23 class action prerequisites?

• A. Numerosity.
• B. Commonality.
• C. Numerosity, adequacy of representation, commonality, and typicality.
• D. Numerosity, commonality, and typicality.

Answer: (C)

Rule 23(a) requires four prerequisites for certifying a class: numerosity, adequacy of representation, commonality, and typicality. Numerosity means the class is so numerous that joining all members would be impracticable. Adequacy of representation means the named plaintiffs will fairly and adequately protect the class's interests, including having competent counsel and no conflicts that would undermine prosecution. Commonality means there must be questions of law or fact common to the class. Typicality means the named plaintiffs' claims or defenses are typical of the class's claims or defenses. Because all four conditions must be satisfied, the statement that lists numerosity, adequacy of representation, commonality, and typicality is the correct one.

Rule 23(a) requires four prerequisites for certifying a class: numerosity, adequacy of representation, commonality, and typicality. Numerosity means the class is so numerous that joining all members would be impracticable. Adequacy of representation means the named plaintiffs will fairly and adequately protect the class's interests, including having competent counsel and no conflicts that would undermine prosecution. Commonality means there must be questions of law or fact common to the class. Typicality means the named plaintiffs' claims or defenses are typical of the class's claims or defenses. Because all four conditions must be satisfied, the statement that lists numerosity, adequacy of representation, commonality, and typicality is the correct one.